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Universal work extraction in quantum thermodynamics - Nature Communications
- A universal work extraction protocol reaches the maximum rate regardless of the unknown input quantum state.
- The protocol uses Schur pinching and permutation symmetry to avoid full state learning.
- In finite dimensions, the agnostic protocol matches the known state-aware rate in the limit of many copies.
- The approach remains valid for some infinite-dimensional systems under technical energy conditions.
- Schur-Weyl duality partitions the joint system into energy-respecting blocks for analysis.
- The universal protocol tolerates a sublinear use of copies for state learning to preserve performance.
- The method extends to a semiuniversal scheme in infinite space with a cutoff dimension strategy.
- The results link universal resource distillation to the broader field of quantum thermodynamics.
- The approach uses a fixed protocol applicable to any i.i.d. input states, avoiding tailored state-specific steps.
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